{"id":626,"date":"2021-08-15T09:20:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-15T09:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ffinetbramha.wpengine.com\/?p=626"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:23:54","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T08:23:54","slug":"freedom-of-expression-conditions-apply-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.festivalsfromindia.com\/blog\/freedom-of-expression-conditions-apply-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Freedom of Expression (Conditions Apply)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>This story covers the laws under the Indian Constitution that govern an artist\u2019s right to free speech and expression.<\/em><br><br>Coming up with innovative ways to interpret the world, finding support, patronage, buyers, audiences, keeping up with technology and other advances: to be a practicing artist \u2014 and we include all kinds of arts here \u2014 makes many demands on those who heed its call. Here a comedian is accused of making \u2018indecent\u2019 remarks, there a play is stopped by \u2018offended\u2019 parties, somewhere an author finds a book being banned for \u2018inciting religious discord,\u2019 somewhere else an exhibition is cancelled because of the artist\u2019s political statements. It seems that very few days can pass without hearing of how artistic expression has irked or disappointed someone or hurt the sentiments of groups of individuals or communities, of complaints filed or legal proceedings, and yes, even of cases where members of the public take the law into their own hands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What, then, of an artist\u2019s right to free speech and expression? Don\u2019t all Indian citizens have that constitutionally guaranteed right?<\/p>\n\n\n    <div id=\"quoteblock_622b0ab3201b7\" class=\"quote wp-block-acf-quotes alignfull section\">\n        <div class=\"container\"> \n            <div class=\"quote-content\">\n                <div class=\"quote-content-left\">\n                    <svg width=\"188\" height=\"337\" viewbox=\"0 0 188 337\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M151.534 267.309L151.534 303.773L115.07 267.309L151.534 230.845L151.534 267.309Z\" fill=\"#FACD02\"><\/path><path d=\"M153.664 35.9214C153.664 55.7603 137.581 71.8429 117.743 71.8429V0C137.581 0 153.664 16.0826 153.664 35.9214Z\" fill=\"#FACD02\"><\/path><circle cx=\"38.9136\" cy=\"187.589\" r=\"35.9214\" fill=\"#FACD02\"><\/circle><path d=\"M34.2422 265.087L0.0003836 265.087L34.2422 230.845L68.484 265.087L34.2422 265.087Z\" fill=\"#1DE2D0\"><\/path><path d=\"M34.2422 302.485L0.0003836 302.485L34.2422 268.243L68.484 302.485L34.2422 302.485Z\" fill=\"#FACD02\"><\/path><path d=\"M75.5039 267.309L75.5039 230.845L111.968 267.309L75.5039 303.773L75.5039 267.309Z\" fill=\"#1DE2D0\"><\/path><path d=\"M78.8294 154.662L4.99094 80.8237L152.668 80.8237L152.668 228.501L78.8294 154.662Z\" fill=\"#1DE2D0\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"quote-content-right\">\n                    <svg class=\"qsvg1\" width=\"60\" height=\"45\" viewbox=\"0 0 60 45\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M18.3407 17.7269L17.9866 18.4524L18.7362 18.7522C23.4479 20.6369 26.8086 25.2936 26.8693 30.655C26.867 38.02 20.7401 43.9104 13.3141 43.5568L13.3134 43.5567C7.01071 43.2622 1.76503 38.3087 1.11761 32.0699L1.11763 32.0699L1.11703 32.0645C0.763808 28.8855 1.5856 25.8889 3.22751 23.4788L19.6795 1.29353L19.6907 1.27844L19.7011 1.26281C19.785 1.13707 19.9619 1.03564 20.1994 1.03564H25.437C25.8458 1.03564 26.2228 1.54899 26.0066 2.02122L18.3407 17.7269Z\" stroke=\"#151617\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><path d=\"M50.2646 17.7269L49.9104 18.4524L50.66 18.7522C55.3717 20.6369 58.7324 25.2936 58.7931 30.655C58.7908 38.02 52.6639 43.9104 45.2379 43.5568L45.2372 43.5567C38.9345 43.2622 33.6889 38.3087 33.0414 32.0699L33.0415 32.0699L33.0409 32.0645C32.6876 28.8855 33.5094 25.8889 35.1513 23.4788L51.6034 1.29353L51.6145 1.27844L51.625 1.26281C51.7088 1.13707 51.8857 1.03564 52.1232 1.03564H57.3608C57.7696 1.03564 58.1465 1.54896 57.9304 2.02117L50.2646 17.7269Z\" stroke=\"#151617\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                    <h3>For a start, Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution gives all citizens the right to freedom of speech and expression subject to certain \u2018reasonable restrictions,\u2019 among them, the sovereignty and integrity of India, public order, decency or morality.<svg class=\"qsvg2\" width=\"38\" height=\"28\" viewbox=\"0 0 38 28\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M26.5399 11.2059L26.894 11.9314L26.1445 12.2312C23.3033 13.3677 21.2753 16.1772 21.2381 19.4108C21.2403 23.8531 24.9356 27.4053 29.4154 27.192L29.4161 27.192C33.217 27.0143 36.3816 24.0249 36.7719 20.2646L36.7718 20.2646L36.7724 20.2592C36.9854 18.3428 36.4909 16.5386 35.5036 15.0872L25.2245 1.22592L25.2133 1.21084L25.2043 1.19734C25.203 1.19634 25.2002 1.19456 25.1955 1.19229C25.1814 1.18553 25.1569 1.17847 25.1255 1.17847H21.852C21.8383 1.17847 21.8019 1.18449 21.7671 1.24182C21.7333 1.29748 21.7328 1.35264 21.7507 1.39394L26.5399 11.2059Z\" stroke=\"#151617\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><path d=\"M6.58777 11.2059L6.94188 11.9314L6.19231 12.2312C3.35116 13.3677 1.32319 16.1772 1.28595 19.4108C1.28821 23.8531 4.98343 27.4053 9.46332 27.192L9.46398 27.192C13.2648 27.0143 16.4295 24.0249 16.8197 20.2646L16.8197 20.2646L16.8203 20.2592C17.0332 18.3428 16.5388 16.5386 15.5515 15.0872L5.27236 1.22592L5.26117 1.21084L5.25217 1.19734C5.25082 1.19634 5.24809 1.19456 5.24337 1.19229C5.22928 1.18553 5.20472 1.17847 5.17333 1.17847H1.89989C1.88618 1.17847 1.84982 1.18449 1.81497 1.24182C1.78114 1.29748 1.78069 1.35263 1.79862 1.39394L6.58777 11.2059Z\" stroke=\"#151617\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg>\n<\/h3>\n                    <div class=\"quote-content-footer\">\n                                                <h5>Article 19, Constitution of India<\/h5>                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n<p id=\"viewer-3p81t\">The fundamental principle involved here is not only for artists to express, publish and propagate one\u2019s view through any medium, but also for society at large to determine how such art is accepted, received or even critiqued. The latter may not always be in the artists\u2019 control, simply because how any form of artistic expression is received is subjective in nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"viewer-dj9lk\">Given that time, money, careers and, sometimes, even lives, can be endangered by legal or extra-legal means, a responsible arts manager (or, indeed, any artist) would be well advised to take precautionary measures before making art available to the public.<br><br>These would vary on a case-to-case basis, but some that might be helpful are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Have a clear intention or purpose behind creating your work;<\/li><li>Ensure that the work you are creating is wholly original, and does not infringe upon the intellectual property of any person;<\/li><li>Verify all your facts (twice!);<\/li><li>Ensure that you take all the necessary licenses and permissions;<\/li><li>Ensure that your work has complied with all applicable laws and guidelines;<\/li><li>Look out for any offensive, controversial or derogatory statements that might have the potential to hurt the sentiments of either a community or an individual or cause disparagement or are defamatory by having a legally trained eye vet your work;<\/li><li>Include necessary disclaimers along with your work;<\/li><li>If you\u2019re the one creating the work or the one releasing it or providing a venue to perform the work, make sure to record the agreement between the parties involved, which should specify what exactly are the parties responsible for, as they can be held liable for the same.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"viewer-9o05p\">Indian Courts from time to time have also taken extensive views on the meaning, interpretation and extent of the right to freedom of speech and expression. There are several landmark judgments that have been passed in this regard. Among them: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"viewer-9o05p\">\u2022 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/170570619\/\" target=\"_blank\"><u>Ashutosh Dubey vs. Netflix Inc. and Ors<\/u><\/a><br>\u2022 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/1719619\/\" target=\"_blank\"><u>K.A. Abbas vs. The Union of India and Ors<\/u><\/a><br>\u2022 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/62541523\/\" target=\"_blank\"><u>Sanjay Leela Bhansali vs. State of Rajasthan<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"viewer-1f7pf\">The Courts have always tried to strike a balance by laying down different kinds of tests. In fact, <a href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/170570619\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>one such observation by the Delhi High Court<\/u><\/a> in respect of exercising these rights was:<\/p>\n\n\n    <div id=\"quoteblock_622b0b42201b8\" class=\"quote wp-block-acf-quotes alignfull section\">\n        <div class=\"container\"> \n            <div class=\"quote-content\">\n                <div class=\"quote-content-left\">\n                    <svg width=\"188\" height=\"337\" viewbox=\"0 0 188 337\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M151.534 267.309L151.534 303.773L115.07 267.309L151.534 230.845L151.534 267.309Z\" fill=\"#FACD02\"><\/path><path d=\"M153.664 35.9214C153.664 55.7603 137.581 71.8429 117.743 71.8429V0C137.581 0 153.664 16.0826 153.664 35.9214Z\" fill=\"#FACD02\"><\/path><circle cx=\"38.9136\" cy=\"187.589\" r=\"35.9214\" fill=\"#FACD02\"><\/circle><path d=\"M34.2422 265.087L0.0003836 265.087L34.2422 230.845L68.484 265.087L34.2422 265.087Z\" fill=\"#1DE2D0\"><\/path><path d=\"M34.2422 302.485L0.0003836 302.485L34.2422 268.243L68.484 302.485L34.2422 302.485Z\" fill=\"#FACD02\"><\/path><path d=\"M75.5039 267.309L75.5039 230.845L111.968 267.309L75.5039 303.773L75.5039 267.309Z\" fill=\"#1DE2D0\"><\/path><path d=\"M78.8294 154.662L4.99094 80.8237L152.668 80.8237L152.668 228.501L78.8294 154.662Z\" fill=\"#1DE2D0\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"quote-content-right\">\n                    <svg class=\"qsvg1\" width=\"60\" height=\"45\" viewbox=\"0 0 60 45\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M18.3407 17.7269L17.9866 18.4524L18.7362 18.7522C23.4479 20.6369 26.8086 25.2936 26.8693 30.655C26.867 38.02 20.7401 43.9104 13.3141 43.5568L13.3134 43.5567C7.01071 43.2622 1.76503 38.3087 1.11761 32.0699L1.11763 32.0699L1.11703 32.0645C0.763808 28.8855 1.5856 25.8889 3.22751 23.4788L19.6795 1.29353L19.6907 1.27844L19.7011 1.26281C19.785 1.13707 19.9619 1.03564 20.1994 1.03564H25.437C25.8458 1.03564 26.2228 1.54899 26.0066 2.02122L18.3407 17.7269Z\" stroke=\"#151617\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><path d=\"M50.2646 17.7269L49.9104 18.4524L50.66 18.7522C55.3717 20.6369 58.7324 25.2936 58.7931 30.655C58.7908 38.02 52.6639 43.9104 45.2379 43.5568L45.2372 43.5567C38.9345 43.2622 33.6889 38.3087 33.0414 32.0699L33.0415 32.0699L33.0409 32.0645C32.6876 28.8855 33.5094 25.8889 35.1513 23.4788L51.6034 1.29353L51.6145 1.27844L51.625 1.26281C51.7088 1.13707 51.8857 1.03564 52.1232 1.03564H57.3608C57.7696 1.03564 58.1465 1.54896 57.9304 2.02117L50.2646 17.7269Z\" stroke=\"#151617\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg>\n                    <h3>One of the satirical techniques to criticise a particular subject or character is to exaggerate it beyond normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen. Satire is a work of art. It is a witty, ironic and often exaggerated portrayal of a subject. Further, if an ad interim injunction is granted, it would amount to interference in the freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by our Constitution to the defendants.<svg class=\"qsvg2\" width=\"38\" height=\"28\" viewbox=\"0 0 38 28\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M26.5399 11.2059L26.894 11.9314L26.1445 12.2312C23.3033 13.3677 21.2753 16.1772 21.2381 19.4108C21.2403 23.8531 24.9356 27.4053 29.4154 27.192L29.4161 27.192C33.217 27.0143 36.3816 24.0249 36.7719 20.2646L36.7718 20.2646L36.7724 20.2592C36.9854 18.3428 36.4909 16.5386 35.5036 15.0872L25.2245 1.22592L25.2133 1.21084L25.2043 1.19734C25.203 1.19634 25.2002 1.19456 25.1955 1.19229C25.1814 1.18553 25.1569 1.17847 25.1255 1.17847H21.852C21.8383 1.17847 21.8019 1.18449 21.7671 1.24182C21.7333 1.29748 21.7328 1.35264 21.7507 1.39394L26.5399 11.2059Z\" stroke=\"#151617\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><path d=\"M6.58777 11.2059L6.94188 11.9314L6.19231 12.2312C3.35116 13.3677 1.32319 16.1772 1.28595 19.4108C1.28821 23.8531 4.98343 27.4053 9.46332 27.192L9.46398 27.192C13.2648 27.0143 16.4295 24.0249 16.8197 20.2646L16.8197 20.2646L16.8203 20.2592C17.0332 18.3428 16.5388 16.5386 15.5515 15.0872L5.27236 1.22592L5.26117 1.21084L5.25217 1.19734C5.25082 1.19634 5.24809 1.19456 5.24337 1.19229C5.22928 1.18553 5.20472 1.17847 5.17333 1.17847H1.89989C1.88618 1.17847 1.84982 1.18449 1.81497 1.24182C1.78114 1.29748 1.78069 1.35263 1.79862 1.39394L6.58777 11.2059Z\" stroke=\"#151617\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg>\n<\/h3>\n                    <div class=\"quote-content-footer\">\n                                                <h5>Ashutosh Dubey vs Netflix, Inc &amp; Ors. on 5 May 2020<\/h5>                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n<p>The judge in the said case further observed, \u201cThe very essence of democracy is that a creative artist is given the liberty to project the picture of the society in a manner he perceives. One of the prime forms of exposing the ills of the society is by portraying a satirical picture of the same. Stand-up comedians perform that very purpose. In their portrayal they use satire and exaggerate the ills to an extent that it becomes a ridicule. In the humorous portrayal of the ills of the society the stand-up comedians use satire.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"viewer-8vdmh\">The Supreme Court of India has also upheld the above viewpoint in several cases, <a href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/1719619\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>one of which stated<\/u><\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"viewer-29seu\">\u201cThe standards that we set for our censors must make a substantial allowance in favour of freedom thus leaving a vast area for creative art to interpret life and society with some of its foibles along with what is good. We must not look upon such human relationships as banned <em>in toto<\/em> and forever from <strong>human<\/strong> thought and must give scope for talent to put them before society. The requirements of art and literature include within themselves a comprehensive view of social life and not only in its ideal form.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"viewer-fblo2\">Creation, by definition, pushes boundaries, and many creative people like to hold a mirror up to society, and the discomfort they may cause, one can argue, is a vital part of society\u2019s progress. But, whilst freedom of speech and expression is a wide sweeping right, one could also argue that it is as important to keep both the art and artists intact. To that end, a certain degree of caution while exercising one\u2019s right to freedom of speech and expression could help one avoid any sort of litigation in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"viewer-4t96j\">In part two, we will look at what might happen should you find yourself enmeshed in legal proceedings, and what recourse you might have.<br><em><br>This article was first published in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiacultureacri.in\/post\/freedom-of-expression-conditions-apply\">Culture Wire<\/a> on 15 Aug 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This story covers the laws under the Indian Constitution that govern an artist\u2019s right\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":11,"featured_media":10283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"blog_topic":[559],"class_list":["post-626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-festival-wire","blog_topic-legal-and-policy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Freedom of Expression (Conditions Apply) - Festivals From India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This story covers the laws under the Indian Constitution that govern an artist\u2019s right to free speech and expression. 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